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 The Price of Childhood 

 on the link between prices paid to farmers and the use of child labour in cottonseed production in Andhra Pradesh, India 

title page - contents - list of tables - section-I (introduction) - section-II - section-III - section-IV (summary/conclusions) - appendix - notes


APPENDIX



Table 1: List of Mandals, Villages and Number of Farms Covered Under Survey

District Mandal Village
No. of Farms
Kurnool Sanjamala Kanala
4
Alvakonda
7
Giddalur
3
Akkampalli
3
Muchalapuri
2
Koilkuntla Gulladurti
2
Koilkuntla
1
Bijinavemula
1
Gospadu Ontelagala
5
Gospadu
5
Dornipadu Dornipadu
4
Chakarajuvemula
3
Ramachandrapuram 
3
Uyalawada Kodupalli
2
Mayalur
3
Sarvaipalli
2
Allur
3
Injedu
1
Kowthalam  Lingaldinne
2
Kathrik
2
Mahaboobnagar  Dharur Marlabeedu
3
Bureddy Palli
4
Alapadu
4
Gangannapalli
4
Patapalam
1
Maldakal Amaravai
4
Saddunonipalli
2
Bijjaram
3
Elkur
2
Mallamdoddi
1
Cherlagarlapadu
1
Vitalapuram
2
Uligepalli
1
Maldakal
4
Gadwal Gadwal
1
Gonupadu
1
Gattu Lingapur
2
T.P. Morusu
2
TOTAL
10
38
100


Table 2: Per Acre Average Cost of Cultivation 2002-03 to 2004-05 (amount in Rs.)

Item
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
NON-LABOUR COSTS
Land rent*
7539.68
8027.00
8975.62
Land preparation
1606.74
1613.42
1648.15
Fertilizers
4417.23
4602.56
4900.10
Pesticides
6835.57
7415.69
7908.94
Plastic covers
584.54
571.66
567.42
Foundation seed
906.06
912.14
900.20
Seed processing
3074.04
2992.92
2248.31
Transport
549.00
505.92
520.31
Interest on working capital
5950.00
6200.00
6390.00
Others
471.27
462.62
414.02
Total Non-Labour
31934.12
33303.92
34473.07
LABOUR COSTS
Sowing
86.10
85.40
84.33
Weeding
676.16
674.57
738.34
Fertilizer and pesticide application
1189.37
1227.03
1300.48
Cross-pollination
23305.90
26637.25
29239.24
Harvesting
622.05
635.58
482.28
Seed processing (grading)
210.50
220.96
204.52
Total Labour
26090.08
29480.79
32049.20
TOTAL Expenditure (Non-labour and labour)
58024.20
62784.71
66522.28
* Land rent includes irrigation expenses.

Table 3: Farm Size Wise Per Acre Average Cost of Cultivation 2002-03 to 2004-05 (amount in Rs.)

Item
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
Small
Big
Small
Big
Small
Big
NON-LABOUR COSTS
Land rent
7962.10
7198.92
8425.93
7724.44
9419.19
8784.00
Land preparation
1853.40
1435.68
1767.41
1496.63
1964.98
1511.27
Fertilizers
4473.20
4350.27
4728.89
4506.74
5293.43
4730.18
Pesticides
6995.24
6704.86
7302.96
7502.25
8196.97
7654.91
Plastic covers
666.22
526.74
670.74
496.52
633.08
539.05
Foundation seed
945.07
878.38
939.26
891.57
952.02
877.82
Seed processing
3400.00
3061.55
2943.02
3030.76
2393.05
2185.79
Transport
561.31
433.84
580.70
419.55
566.33
404.73
Interest on working capital
6800.00
5200.00
7300.00
5700.00
7600.00
6000.00
Others
450.08
486.49
448.89
473.03
458.08
538.18
Total Non-Labour
34106.62
30276.71
35107.79
32241.49
37477.14
33225.93
LABOUR COSTS
Sowing
90.25
82.86
91.33
80.90
92.34
80.87
Weeding
757.47
621.62
764.15
606.63
914.31
662.33
Fertilizer and pesticide application
1488.40
995.03
1509.78
1012.58
1653.28
1004.87
Cross-pollination
22318.08
24184.27
25103.56
27345.38
27783.67
29863.25
Harvesting
618.62
616.65
654.86
620.97
513.06
468.98
Seed processing (grading)
277.84
165.41
301.48
159.89
315.15
156.73
Total Labour
25550.66
26665.84
28425.16
29826.35
31271.82
32237.03
TOTAL Expenditure (Non-labour and labour)
59657.28
56942.55
63532.95
62067.84
68748.96
65462.97

Table 4: Area Wise Per Acre Average Cost of Cultivation 2002-03 to 2004-05 (amount in Rs.)

Item
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
Kurnool
MB Nagar
Kurnool
MB Nagar
Kurnool
MB Nagar
NON-LABOUR COSTS
Land rent
7231.91
8182.00
7634.76
8913.24
8623.35
9932.08
Land preparation
1451.37
1931.00
1419.05
1988.41
1442.32
2206.98
Fertilizers
4323.91
4612.00
4409.52
5030.10
4664.56
5529.62
Pesticides
6497.04
7540.00
7088.90
8009.80
7488.70
9037.74
Plastic covers
521.83
715.40
496.71
731.57
513.00
715.19
Foundation seed
837.09
1050.00
884.76
969.22
878.16
961.51
Seed processing
2959.63
3312.82
2873.97
3267.16
2116.67
2605.74
Transport
547.79
551.00
474.50
561.57
535.43
484.72
Interest on working capital
5866.30
6120.98
6116.05
6312.94
6348.63
6493.96
Others
467.37
479.00
454.76
479.41
410.91
433.58
Total Non-Labour
30704.22
34494.20
31852.99
36263.41
33021.71
38401.11
LABOUR COSTS
Sowing
79.54
99.80
78.43
100.59
77.87
101.89
Weeding
561.09
916.30
545.14
947.65
572.13
1189.62
Fertilizer and pesticide application
907.71
1777.20
925.43
1860.00
1112.68
1846.60
Cross-pollination
23751.94
22342.80
26768.70
26105.02
29427.92
28684.53
Harvesting
661.83
539.04
676.49
557.61
490.41
460.21
Seed processing (grading)
190.61
252.00
190.95
284.90
171.51
294.15
Total Labour
26152.72
25927.14
29185.14
29855.76
31852.51
32577.00
TOTAL Expenditure (Non-labour and labour)
56856.94
60421.34
61038.13
66119.18
64874.22
70978.11

Table 5: Daily Rates of Minimum Wages for Agricultural Workers Fixed by Different States/Union Territories (UTs) under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948
As on 1.10.2002
State/UTs Minimum wages for unskilled agricultural workers
(Rs. per day)
National Floor Level Minimum Wages
(Figures in brackets indicate the date from which applicable)		 Rs. 35.00 (01.06.1996)
Rs. 40.00 (01.06.1998)
Rs. 45.00 (01.12.1999)
Rs. 50.00 (01.09.2002)
Andhra Pradesh Rs. 52.00 to Rs. 55.50 p.d. (According to Zones)
Arunachal Pradesh Rs. 39.87 to Rs. 42.11 p.d. (According to Areas)
Assam Rs. 60.00* (without food, shelter and clothing)
Rs. 50.00 (plus food, shelter and clothing)
Bihar Rs. 45.18
Goa Rs. 58.00
Gujarat Rs. 50.00
Haryana Rs. 74.61
Himachal Pradesh Rs. 51.00
Jammu & Kashmir Rs. 45.00
Karnataka Rs. 51.63
Kerala Rs. 30.00 (for light work)
Rs. 40.20 (for hard work)
Madhya Pradesh Rs. 51.80
Maharashtra Rs. 45.00
Manipur Rs. 62.15* (for valley areas)
Rs. 65.15 (for hill areas)
Meghalaya Rs. 50.00*
Mizoram Rs. 84.00
Nagaland Rs. 45.00
Orissa Rs. 52.50*
Punjab Rs. 72.38* (with meal)
Rs. 82.08 (without meal)
Rajasthan Rs. 60.00
Sikkim The Minimum Wages Act, 1948 yet to be extended.
Tamil Nadu Rs. 54.00
Tripura Rs. 45.00
Uttar Pradesh Rs. 58.00*
West Bengal Rs. 58.90* (with meals)
Rs. 62.10 (without meals)
Andaman & Nicobar Islands Rs. 70.00 (Andaman)
Rs. 75.00 (Nicobar)
Chandigarh Rs. 81.65*
Dadra & Nagar Haveli Rs. 60.00*
Delhi Rs. 102.60*
Lakshadweep Rs. 46.80*
Pondicherry - Pondicherry Region Rs. 45.00 to Rs. 100.00
Pondicherry - Mahe Region Rs. 30.00 (for light work)
Rs. 40.20 (for hard work)
Pondicherry - Yanam Region Rs. 19.25 to Rs. 26.25
Pondicherry - Karaikal Region Rs. 45.00 to Rs. 100.00
Central Sphere Rs. 87.01 to Rs. 97.12*
* Indicate the provision of variable dearness allowance with the minimum rate of wage. Source: Ministry of Labour, New Delhi.

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India Committee of the Netherlands / Landelijke India Werkgroep - October 25, 2005